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Plant Responses to Urban Pollution Stress

Urban environments present unique challenges for plant life, with pollution from vehicular emissions, industrial discharges, and fossil fuel combustion significantly impacting plant physiology, growth, and survival. Urban pollution stress includes exposure to air pollutants like ozone (O₃), sulfur dioxide (SOâ‚‚),…
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Cuticle Responses to Environmental Stresses

The plant cuticle, a hydrophobic layer covering the aerial surfaces of land plants, plays a crucial role in protecting against environmental stresses while maintaining water balance. Composed primarily of cutin, waxes, and polysaccharides, the cuticle serves as the first barrier…